# url拼接

拼接`http://www.example.com/endpoint`

```
//通过string的扩展方法
var url = "http://www.example.com"
    .AppendPathSegment("endpoint");

var url = new Url("http://www.example.com").AppendPathSegment();
```

查询字符串拼接`http://www.example.com/endpoint/api_key=sth&max_results=sth&q=sth`

```
var url = "http://www.example.com"
    .AppendPathSegment("endpoint")
    .SetQueryParams(new {
        api_key = sth,
        max_results = sth,
        q = sth
    });
```

`SetQueryParams`一般会覆盖前面的设置。但是，如果为相同的query变量设置不同的值，可以传入数组或集合。例如：`http://www.example.com/endpoint/x=1&x=2&x=3`

```
var url = "http://www.example.com"
    .SetQueryParams("x", new[]{1, 2, 3});
```

关于编码，`flurl`会对查询字符串进行编码，对路径部分的保留字`/`、`%`不会编码，路径部分的空格会编码，路径部分的`?`会编码。

`SetQueryParam`还有一个禁用query编码的重载方法。

```
var url = "http://www.example.com"
    .AppendPathSegment("endpoint")
    .SetQueryParam("x", "don%27t%20touch%20m", true)
```

默认会把空格编码成`%20`，但有时候希望把空格编码成`+`。

```
var url = "http://www.example.com"
    .AppendPathSegment("endpoint")
    .SetQueryParam("x","hi")
    .ToString(true);
```

取出url地址中的不同部分，例如`http://www.example.com/with/path?x=1&y=3#foo`

```
var url = new Url("http://www.example.com/with/path?x=1&y=3#foo");
var path = url.Path;//http://www.example.com/with/path
var query= url.Query;//x=1&y=3
var paramVal = url.QueryParams["y"];//3
var fragment = url.Fragment; //foo
```

多个url部分拼接。

```
//http://www.foo.com/too/many/few?x=1&y=2
var url = Url.Combine("http://foo.com/","/too/","/many/","few?","x=1","y=2");

```

其它API
```
string Path{get;set;}
string Query Fragment{get;set;}
QueryParamCollectio QueryParams{get;}

Url AppendPathSegment();
Url SetQueryParam();
Url RemoveQueryParams();
Url SetFragment();
Url RemoveFragment();
Url ResetToRoot();

bool IsValid();
string ToString(bool encodeSpaceAsPlus);

string Combine(params string[] parts);
QueryParamCollection ParseQueryParams(string query);
string GetRoot(string url);
string DecodeQueryParamValue(string value);
string EncodeQueryParamValue(object value, bool encodeSpaceAsPlus);
string EncodeILlegalCharacter(strint urlPart);
```

# Fluent HTTP

需要引用两个插件
```
using Flurl;
using Flurl.Http;
```

发送一般请求：
```
var getResp = await "".GetAsync();
```

发动GET请求：
```
var headResp = await "".HeadAsync();
```

获取强类型
```
T poco = await "".GetJsonAsync<T>();
dynamic d = await "".GetJsonAsync();
var list = await "".GetJsonListAsync();
```

获取string
```
string text = await "".GetStringAsync();
```

获取bytes
```
byte[] bytes = await "".GetBytesAsync();
```

获取流
```
Stream stream = await "".GetStreamAsync();
```

下载文件
```
var path = await "http://files.foo.com/image.jpg"
    .DownloadFileAsync("c:\\downloads", filename);
```

发送json数据
```
await "".PostJsonAsync(new {a=1,b=2});
```

设置headers
```
await url.WithHeader("Accept","text/plain").GetJsonAsync();
await url.WithHeaders(new {Accept="text/plain", User_Agent=""}).GetJosnAsync();
```

设置验证
```
一般验证：await url.WithBasicAuth("","").GetJsonAsync();
OAUth验证：await url.WithOAuthBearerToken("mytoken").GetJsonAsync();
```

设置过期时间
```
await url.WithTimeout(10).DownloadFileAsync(); //10秒
await url.WithTimeout(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(2)).DownloadFileAsync();
```

设置cookie
```
await url.WithCookie("name","value", expDate).HeadAsync();
await url.WithCookies(new {c1=1, c2=2}, expDate).HeadAsync();
```

取消请求
```
var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
var task = url.GetAsync(cts.Token);
cts.Cancel();
```

发送表单数据
```
await "".PostUrlEncodeAsync(new {user = "", pass=""});
```

发送表单数据，并且处理返回结果
```
T poco = await url.PostJsonAsync(data).ReceiveJson<T>();
dynamic d = await url.PostUrlEncodeAsync(data).ReceiveJson();
string s = await url.PostUrlEncodeAsync(data).ReceiveString();
```

使用原生的`HttpClient`
```
await url.PostAsync(httpContent);
await url.SendJsonAsync(HttpMethod.Options, poco);
await url.SendAsync(HttpMethod.Trace, httpContent, cancellationToken,HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeaderRead);
```

# 异常处理

一般处理，适用于XXX异常
```
try{
    await url.PostJsonAsync(poco);
}
catch(FlurlHttpTimeoutException){
    LogError("timeout");
}
catch(FlurHttpException ex){

    LogError(ex.Message);
}
```

使用扩展方法处理异常,适用于XXX异常
```
catch(FlurlHttpException ex){
    TError e = ex.GetResponseJson<TError>();

    dynamic d = ex.GetResponseJson();
}
```

允许除了2XX的异常
```
url.AllowHttpStatus(HttpStatusCode.NotFound, HttpStatusCode.Conflict).GetAsync();
url.AllowHttpStatus("400-404,6xx").GetAsync();
url.AllowAnyHttpStatus().GetAsync();
```